VANADIUM
Vanadium is widespread in both the plant and animal worlds, but in low concentrations: most foods contain less than 1 part per billion. The estimated daily intake of the U.S. population ranges from 10 to 60 micrograms.¹⁵ Although known for more than a hundred years, its hypoglycemic properties were established only in 1985. Recent research shows that it has an insulin-like effect on blood-sugar levels. Vanadium is also known to play a role in the regulation of intracellular signaling and as a cofactor of enzymes essential in energy metabolism. A reasonable amount of supplemental vanadium is 20 mcg/day.