Valerian(Valeriana officinalis): The odorous root of valerian has been used in European traditional medicine as a stimulant for centuries. In Germany, valerian root and its teas and extracts are approved as over-the-counter medicines for "states of excitation" and "difficulty in falling asleep owing to nervousness."⁹⁴ A scientific team representing the European community has reviewed the scientific research on valerian and concluded that it is a safe nighttime sleep aid. These scientists also found that there are no major adverse reactions associated with the use of valerian and, unlike barbiturates and other conventional drugs used for insomnia, valerian does not have a synergy with alcohol.⁹⁵ Christopher Hobbs, founder of the American School of Herbalism, notes that other uses include nervous heart conditions, children's anorexia caused by excitement, trembling, and stomach complaints. He recommends a valerian-hops preparation as a good daytime sedative as it will not interfere with or slow one's reflexive responses.